Technology and Social Change - 924 Words

Technology and Social Change Page 1 Leslie Chappell SOC/100 University of Phoenix 03/28/2016 Technology and Social Change Page 2 Americans are faced with increasing change of technology in everyday life. Most of the time, the change happens, and we dont realize how it affects our lives. I remember talking to my grandparents about their younger years; it made me realize how technology changes from generation to generation. Technology is scientific knowledge and the making of tools to solve problems. The technological advances are vehicles, airplanes, radio, TV, cell phones, and computers. The 20th century has changed how people meet, interact, learn, work, and do business. This type of knowledge†¦show more content†¦When it comes to the environment, the farming community has enabled food production to be increased, but its made the human population growth to overwhelm the natural world to be lead to disaster unless people in todays society choose to control the population growth. Wealthy countries have allowed us to gain access to natural resources like coal, oil, and gas. Solar energy has been a recen t emerging Technology and Social Change Page 4 form on technology consequences of solar energy is that its expensive to buy, its claimed to be associated with pollution, and it requires space that not a lot of people have. However, its environmentally friendly reduces the cost of your power bill, and its low maintenance. Americans are increasingly being caught up in technology, the new phones that come out each year, the new tablets, etc. they arent focused on what is more important in life such as family. Social media is a growing development that is controlling the lives of adolescents and young adults. Its affecting the environment and health care in both positive and negative ways. Ultimately, I think its up to us as individuals to determine how much we rely on technology. There many who doesnt depend on it at all and live happier lives than those who do. Technology and SocialShow MoreRelatedTechnology And Social Change : Technology935 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction to Technology and Social Change As human beings we strive to push forward to continuously make changes to our way of living. The way society and the advancement of technology it is almost impossible not to want to even keep up at the rate things progress. To further discuss this topic technology is the invention of tools and techniques. Technological change is the invention of a technology, the continuous process of improving technology throughout society. Society is the grouping ofRead MoreTechnology and Social Change1197 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology and Social Change SOC 100 One of our best well-known scientists, Albert Einstein, quoted â€Å"It has become appallingly obvious that our technology have exceeded our humanity† that was credited in a 1995 movie called â€Å"Powder†. It is no secret that the advancement of technology is drastically increasing in a rate where it is almost impossible to keep up with. Many individuals believe that it is slowly taking our attention away to what is really valuable in our lives, while others stronglyRead MoreTechnology and Social Changes1225 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology and Social Change Veronica Garcia February 22,2016 SOC/100 Lynn Ma Technology and Social Change Technology is the scientific knowledge of making tools in order t solve problems that are very specific. Automobiles, airplanes, cell phones, computers and the radio are examples of technological advances. These advancements have helped revolutionize the way people interact, meet, and conduct business. The increase of technology provides an influx of storage and retrieval, andRead MoreTechnology and Social Change in Healthcare1606 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology and Social Change in Healthcare Today there are many technologies that have provided change in our social environments. For example, we have access to laptop/computers, the Internet, cell phones, and android pads. This is beneficial because we can use the Internet to obtain information almost instantly to assist in research and education as well as staying in communication with friends and family. I believe that every household should have access to these technologies but due to socioeconomicRead MoreTechnology Is A Force For Social Change1257 Words   |  6 Pagesthe younger population. Technological determinism is that technology is a force for social change and Facebook does have some of the aspects of this. It is factor of â€Å"The Global Village† because we rely on it to connect with other people from all over the world. Facebook has fortified behaviors such as narcissism and shyness. In the younger generations Facebook has problems with dependency and addiction for it’s users. It has become a social norm in the younger generation to have a Facebook accountRead MoreSOC 100 Week 5 Assignment Technology and Social Change Essay examples1152 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Technology and Social Change Keith D. Howard SOC/100 June 1, 2015 Instructor: Christa Raines Technology and Social Change Introduction This report will examine how changes in technology are affected by society, in turn, how the society that produced this technology is impacted by this creation. The paper will specifically address the impact of personal computers, cell phones, and the internet on society, and how these technological advancements relate to the three major sociological perspectives;Read MoreThe Surrender Of Culture And Technology Essay1239 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology is a neutral tool that does not shape what humans desire, it solely allows people to fulfill their desires. If the main human desires are remaining constant and only the ways in which humans express themselves is changing due to technological advances, then technology does not alter human values and desires in a significant way. In the book Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology, Postman explains the evolution of human dependency on technology. He starts with the tool-usingRead MoreSocial Shaping of Technology and Technological Determinism1431 Words   |  6 Pagest Social Context of Society Social Context of Technology – Essay â€Å"Technology is an independent factor impacting on society from outside society† Discuss with reference to both the Technological Determinist and the Social Shaping of Technology perspectives. The power technology obtains is incredible. In recent years it’s advanced greatly and I believe its limits is only our imagination. It is evolving at a quicker rate than ever and its happeningRead MoreTechnology Is The World Keep Changing1104 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction Technology is said to be usage of knowledge of various tools, techniques and other sequence of mathematical coded electronic instruction by man to fabricate a model to solving problems or to improve upon preexisting ones. Also, one may just say it is an application in which human apply to solving problems. As the world keep changing, so do technology. Today technology has inspired a lot of change into the way we do things or relate to certain problems. We will all agree that, we cannotRead More Role of Information Technology in the Formation of Social Networks1010 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Change in a Network Society The Role of Information Technology in the Formation of Social Networks Contemporary society has built itself around new networks, both social and physical, which allow for more and more information technology to facilitate interaction. How will society instigate social change in a world where networks shape how we interact and the technology driving these networks is shaped and controlled by a specific group in society. The fact is, communication is increasingly

The Classification and Hierarchy of Values Essay - 4893 Words

The Classification and Hierarchy of Values ABSTRACT: I attempt to look into the issue of the ranks of values comprehensively and progressively. Anti-values can be classified into the following six categories by ascending order: (1) the act of destroying the earth-of annihilating humankind and all other living organisms; (2) the act of mass killing of people by initiating a war or committing treason; (3) the act of murdering or causing death to a human being; (4) the act of damaging the body of a human being; (5) the act of greatly harming society; (6) all other crimes not covered by the above. Higher values can be classified into the following five categories in descending rank: (1) absolute values such as absolute truth, absolute†¦show more content†¦To this we can add political values, social values, legal values, cultural values moral values, educational values, scholastic values, industrial values, athletic values, values of life, medical values, values of language, technical values and emotional values. In addit ion to values in our life, things have natural values, whether they are directly related to us humans or not. The nature system such as the universe, the solar system, the earth is composed of time, space and material, and is the most basic world of existence which provides living organisms with the base for their existence. If there is no land, water, air or light, the universe will become an empty space, in which no life can exist. The nature system generates living organisms, letting them grow or become extinct, by physically sustaining its constant state or changing itself, or chemically combining or dissolving its various elements. The stars are moving, exploding or transforming themselves in the apparently boundless universe by unmeasurable mysterious power. The stars have limitless power and values over the humans as well as all the other living organisms on the earth. These stars have values of sustenance and change, values of combination and dissolution, values of conservation and generation, and values of standstill and movement. Weight, energy, objects and light realize various values. Thus the nature system has many values which constitute the base for the existence of the humans.Show MoreRelatedCritically Evaluate Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in Relation to Employee Motivation in Contemporary Chinese Business953 Words   |  4 Pagesknow what they need is the primary work to do to encourage them work harder. Maslow has a clear classification of normal human’s needs which consisted by physiological, safety, belonging, esteem and self-actualization. Also Maslow (1986) stated that as long as the lower-level needs are met, people would modify to satisfy the higher-level needs and this is what brings motivation out. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is classic, however, it seems that this theory cannot be applied to the whole businessRead MoreFair Value Hierarchy1283 Words   |  6 PagesMemorandum to: Accounting department of family finance co. from: Daisy subject: fair value hierarchy date: december 15, 2012 Introduction Family Finance Co. (FFC), a publicly traded commercial bank, invests in a variety of securities in order to enhance returns greater than interest paid on bank deposits and other liabilities. The primary investments of FFC are collateralized debt obligation, mortgage-backed securities, auction-rate securities, equity securities in nonpublic companies, interestRead MoreNursing Terminology System Vs. The International Classification Of Nursing Practice1208 Words   |  5 PagesClinical Care Classification system and the International Classification of Nursing Practice are both recognized by the ANA and will be further explored in this paper. The importance and challenges of implementing a standardized nursing system will be outlined. And, finally a look at a standardized nursing system beneficial to the company the uses it will be presented. Comparison of Two Nursing Terminology Systems McGonigle Mastrian (2009) describe the Clinical Care Classification (CCC) system asRead MoreRelevance Of The Elizabethan Times In Hamlet1004 Words   |  5 Pagesinferiority to be wrong. Additionally, the location in which the readers live will influence whether they agree or disagree with the hierarchy system and its fairness for the country. The high dependence of religion in Denmark may be perceived as positive or negative based on the values of the reader. Elements of Hamlet, specifically gender equality, social hierarchy, and religious dependence can be interpreted either positively or negatively based on the experiences of the reader. Firstly, womenRead MoreThe Analytical Methods Applied On Security Pattern Data Yield Results Essay1192 Words   |  5 PagesThe analytical methods applied on security pattern data yield results in the form of pattern clusters and concepts. Pattern applicability can be improved by making this classification and resulting concept knowledge readily available to practitioners. In order to make it readily available, the results must be represented in a suitable format. Further, it must be shared using a tool or technology which is easy to use and does not need any special hardware or software. In this chapter, we present ourRead MoreFair Value768 Words   |  4 PagesCase analysis: Classification of instruments in fair value hierarchy Instrumental 1 In the case, there was a significant decrease in the volume and activity for the instrument because of (1) significant widening of the bid-ask spreads in the markets and the widening continued throughout Q4 2012 (2) a significant decrease in the volume of trades comparing with historical level in Q4 (3) no recent transactions. According to 820-10-35-54-c, it was reasonable to determine that market is not activeRead MoreInternational Accounting Standards Codification System1414 Words   |  6 PagesIn 2006, the FASB issued Statement No. 157, â€Å"Fair Value Measurements† (SFAS 157), and in 2007 issued Statement No. 159. The objective of SFAS 157 is to increase the consistency, comparability and transparency of fair value measurements used in financial reporting by establishing â€Å"a single authoritative definition of fair value, a framework for measuring fair value, and fair value financial statement disclosure requirements†(http://www.iasplus.com/en/binary/usa/0808 fairvalueupdate.pdf). In 2011,Read MoreA Critical Study Of World Religions By Craig Martin886 Words   |  4 Pagesuses a functionalistic approach to understand the role religion plays in society, exploring each object with hermeneutical suspicion, believing, for the sake of this study, that any supernatural claims are false. By exploring such concepts as classification, structured society, and habitus, Martin explains how â€Å"we, as humans, are a product of society†. He focuses on answering questions such as â€Å"what’s going on† and â€Å"whose interests are served† by skeptically looking at the way in which people useRead MoreSummary of Product Characteristics and Classifications1488 Words   |  6 PagesCHAPTER 12 ::: SETTING PRODUCT STRATEGY SUMMARY ::: Product Characteristics and Classifications Product Levels: The Customer Value Hierarchy The marketer needs to address five product levels. Each level adds more customer value, and five constitute a Customer value hierarchy. Core benefit: It is the fundamental level. It is the benefit the customer is really buying. Basic product: The marketer has to turn the core benefit in to the basic product. Expected product: A set of attributes and conditionsRead MoreThe Naturalization Process During The Late 19th And Early 20th Century1486 Words   |  6 Pagesnaturalization. With a massive influx of immigrants that were not clearly White or Black, the government needed to establish racial definitions. There was a notion of superiority that was associated with being â€Å"white†. When immigrants soon realized the value and importance of â€Å"whiteness† in America’s society, they quickly applied for citizenship. In response to their movement, the government created racial and non-racial requirements that made it very difficult for people from African and Asian descent

Reconstruction During The Civil War - 1487 Words

Reconstruction was the period when America was figuring out on issues pertaining to who was an American, what rights an American should enjoy and what rights other Americans were exercising. The post bellum period was a period after the civil war that had affected the United States of America. This conflict had mostly taken place in the south and therefore the people there were the for the most part affected by this warfare. After the civil war, racism was still a threat and a struggle for the nation, mostly to the African-Americans (Brown, 213). The progression of the black people was hindered by lack of education, lack of African-American political leaders for the black people. Reconstruction for that reason needed to be done (Brown, 213). The army started on a role of aiding to law and order by making steps to prevent idleness and vagrancy. Laws referred to as the black codes were passed which were meant to reaffirm the position of inferiority that had been associated with the blacks in the southern states. The thirteenth amendment of the constitution was passed on the eighth of April 1864 which officially abolished and prohibited slavery in the United States (Brown, 213). This amendment was however not fully effective since it provided an opportunity for selective enforcement of certain laws, for example: The Mississippi black codes states that all freedmen, free Negroes, and mulattoes in this state over the age of eighteen years found on the second Monday in JanuaryShow MoreRelatedReconstruction Of Reconstruction During The Civil War883 Words   |  4 Pages Describe and analyze Reconstruction. Did Reconstruction have any successes? The end of civil war in the United States of America brought about many problems, in particular for the South. Some of the problems were political, economic decay and social disorder. The war destroyed the plantations and crops thus causing many to starve to death while others became homeless. The reconstruction became the only hope for the people. Radical reconstruction began in 1867, which enabled the freed black menRead MoreReconstruction During The Civil War Essay1676 Words   |  7 PagesReconstruction The United States went through many changes after the Civil War and during the Reconstruction period of 1866-1877. Before Abraham Lincoln was assassinated on December, 1863, by John Wilkes, Lincoln announced the first Reconstruction plan a year before the Civil War had ended and Lincoln offered general amnesty to white southerners who would pledge an oath of loyalty to the government and accept the abolition of slavery. During the summer of 1865, Johnson not long after he took officeRead MoreReconstruction During The Civil War966 Words   |  4 Pages Reconstruction is a time period after the Civil War ended in 1877. We view it as something that resembles a transformation, shifts in the southern U.S. after the Civil War. This was when slavery inequality, some political, economic, and social issues were, in some ways, balanced. The categories of issues that arose throughout this â€Å"restoration† were aspects such as involving the Confederacy into the Union, abolishing along with figuring out what to do with our free blacks, and addressing conflictRead MoreReconstruction During The Civil War972 Words   |  4 PagesThere was a transformation period after the Civil War called the reconstruction during the years 1863 to 1877. The reconstruction was the rebuilding of the United States, mainly in the South. There were three major types of reconstruction, which were political, physical, and social. The political reconstruction allowed some African Americans to vote; however, they had to be literate in order to take the Oath tes t. Not many African Americans knew how to read and write, because they were slaves andRead MoreReconstruction During The Civil War864 Words   |  4 PagesIn hindsight it is sometimes claimed that Reconstruction was a failure. Although there was some good that came out of the Reconstruction it was mostly just a relentless uphill battle against Southerners and immoral politicians that were here to delay change and keep racism alive. Reconstruction brought the Ku Klux Klan who displayed great resistance, and poverty that swept the South once the blacks were freed. The freedom of these black slaves led to discriminatory legislatures such as the BlackRead MoreReconstruction During The Civil War1892 Words   |  8 PagesReconstruction Over the course of America’s existence, it has acquired many successes and failures. Over time there have been a large number of accomplishments that have made the world a greater good, but there have also been phases of turmoil and tragedy. The Reconstruction period after the Civil War is a prime example of a complete failure. The Reconstruction period consisted of many goals and ideas that Americans planned to achieve in their country after being torn apart from the Civil War.Read MoreEducation During Reconstruction During The Civil War918 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Education during Reconstruction† In the south before during and after the reconstruction was a time for educational growth. Many states were just beginning to provide public education. The education system was trialed and errored to become the system that we know today during this era. The civil war brought separation of races but also families, the radical republicans stressed education during the reconstruction to avert the attention of the people from the war and racial issues. BeforeRead MoreThe Reconstruction Era During The Civil War1370 Words   |  6 PagesThe Reconstruction Era beginning in 1865 marked the period where white men and recently freed African Americans quarreled over the concept of equality on the basis of race as well as where freedom extended to. After the Civil War, there was a power struggle between the Republican and Democratic parties as they had extremely distinct ideas on whether African Americans should be free and hold citizen rights. African Americans were able to achieve citizenship as well as have equality through the 14thRead MoreThe Era Of Reconstruction During The Civil War1630 Words   |  7 Pageswas imposed by the white people. This contradiction is emblematic of the African-American experience. The era of reconstruction was a short-term success, a medium-term failure, and a foundation for the long-term successes of the civil rights movement in terms of black freedom. The era of reconstruction exposed the radical limits of freedom for natural born citizens in the post-civil war United States. The idea of freedom changed in a tremendous way for the blacks. I would like to begin by askingRead MoreThe Legacy Of Reconstruction During The Civil War Essay1254 Words   |  6 Pageshistory. These â€Å"revolutionary movements† have created lasting impressions on the United States that helped mold the nation that it is today. One such movement was Reconstruction. Reconstruction was a time in America consisting of reuniting the country and pulling it from the economic catastrophe that stemmed from the Civil War. The reconstruction era had dealt with three separate plans: the Lincoln Plan, the Johnson Plan and the congressional Plan. These plans, each with their own unique way of unifying

History the Triangle Fire Essay - 2608 Words

Eleonore Constant Fall 2011 History 162 Modern America Dr. Bittel PAPER OPTION #1 The Triangle Fire The terrible fire that revealed a harsh reality to the world Nowadays, it is almost impossible to find a building that does not have exit signs or fire extinguishers in America. Whether in a university or at the work place, exit signs and fire safety instructions can easily be found by anybody. Fire drills are regularly practiced to ensure the least amount of casualty will occur if something goes wrong. However, a hundred years ago safety issues were barely taken into considerations and safety regulations were most of the time inexistent, as illustrates the terrible fire that happened a hundred years ago at the Triangle†¦show more content†¦Nowadays, fire extinguishers would be found in any kind of factory, especially in a garment factory. However none where to be found in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, â€Å"An order had gone out to install automatic sprinklers in factories, but the manufacturers had organized to fight it because I meant so great an expenditure.† (Argersinger, 105). Employers were looking for ways to make as much savings as possible to maximize their profits instead of ensuring a minimum level of security for their workers. Even after the terrible tragedy happened, the new building the Triangle Waist Company used was not even fire proof and â€Å"the firm had already blocked the exit to the fire escape by two rows of sewing machines† (Argersinger, 105). The previous building where the fire had happened would only undergo a few repairs and re-open in the same condition it was in before the fire. This illustrates how the owners of the company did not care much about the safety of their factories, thus it comes as no surprise that the working conditions the shirtwaist makers had to endure were also terrible. The hard working conditions in the factories at that time was another reason why the Triangle Fire was an inevitable tragedy doomed to happen one day or another. Although working in factories had long been reserved to men, the fast growing industrialism allowed women to get out of their home to go work in factories.Show MoreRelatedThe Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire Essay example1460 Words   |  6 Pagesfollowing is a short excerpt of those who fought and died due to the Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire. â€Å"The â€Å"Triangle† Company†¦ With blood this name will be written in the history of the American workers’ movement, and with feel will this history recall the names of the strikers of this shop—of the crusaders.†Ã¢â‚¬â€ Jewish Daily Forward (Drehle) On March 25, 1911, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire broke out. Proper workers’ rights and fire prevention installations were not in place or were not followedRead More Triangle: The Fire that Changed America Essay1615 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The ‘Triangle’ company, â€Å"With blood this name will be written in the history of the American workers’ movement, and with feeling will this history recall the names of the strikers of this shop- of the crusaders† (Von Drehle 86). Even before it happen, the Forward predicted the terrible disaster of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory that occurred one year, one month, and seventeen days later (86). Triangle: The Fire that Changed America, by David Von Drehle tells the story of the horrible fire. DavidRead MoreTriangle: The Fire That Changed America Essay1282 Words   |  6 PagesOn the afternoon of March 25, 1911, a fire broke out in the 10-floor Asch Building, a block east of Manhattans Washington Square. This is where 500 mostly young immigrant girls were producing shirts for the Triangle Shirtwaist Company. Within minutes, it spread to consume the buildings upper three stories. Firemen at the scene were unable to rescue those trapped inside: their ladders werent tall enough. Exits were locked, and the narrow fire escapes were inadequate. Panicked, many jumped fromRead MoreEssay about Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire1676 Words   |  7 Pagesand disaster did strike in March, 1911. The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in New York set on fire, killing 146 workers. This is an important event in US history because it helped accomplish the tasks unions and strikes had tried to accomplish years earlier, It improved working conditions in factories nationwide and set new safety laws and regulations so that nothing as catastrophic would happen again. The workplace struggles became public after this fire, and the work industry would never remain theRead MoreThe Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Worker Policies1699 Words   |  7 Pagesindustrialization where there was the development of factory system and mass production, and the increasing growth rate population. While this transformation may have provided many benefits to Americans, it also carried negative results. For instance, The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, located in Manhattan, New York City, managed by Max Blanck and Isaac Harris, sold shirtwaists, an immensely popular necessity that every women desired to have in their closet. Since Blanck and Harris were known for operating theRead MoreTriangle: the Fire That Changed America Essay1432 Words   |  6 Pagescourse of history. On March 25, 1911, one such event took place. The infamous Triangle Shirtwaist Fire occurred that day, and left one hundred and for ty-six people dead in its wake. While many at the time thought the story would soon pass, and with it all the potential bad publicity, the story of the fire spread quickly, and outraged many people. As a result, the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire ended up changing many business and political practices of the time. In his book Triangle: The Fire that ChangedRead MoreDon t Dwell On The Inner Darkness Of Yourself887 Words   |  4 Pagesoffice. Many people questioned my bold personality some accused me of bigotry. Me? Teddy Roosevelt? I prefer to be known as â€Å"TR†, the President to be known in history (1901-1909) as â€Å"The American Lion.† Our new President brought passion and power to the office, courageously leading the American people and Congress toward progressive reforms in history. Presidency power should be utilized to fight for what’s right, in taking any action necessary for the good of the people. I didn’t once agree with anyoneRead More The Triangle Fire Essay1186 Words   |  5 Pages In an era of a rising unionization, The Triangle Fire, calligraphy written my Leon Stein, describes one of the worst industrial disasters in the nation’s history that ended up killing 146 of the 500 Triangle Shirtwaist Company employees, which happened to be female immigrant workers. These immigrants came to the United States with their families in search for a better life. Instead they found themselves working long hours only to receive low wages along with horrendous working circumstances withRead MoreThe Tragedy Of August 25 By Max Blanck And Isaac Harris1426 Words   |  6 PagesThe tragedy of March 25, 1911 was a crucial turning point and important era of awareness of worker powerlessness during the age of early American industrialization. The fir e that consumed the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory remains a haunting memory for this nation. The fates of innocent workers sent a wave of grief throughout the entire nation. The victims died as a result of a serious neglect for safety features within the facility and brought widespread attention to the dangerous working conditionsRead MoreBook Review of Triangle: The Fire That Changed America1473 Words   |  6 PagesTriangle: The Fire That Changed America New York: First Grove Press David Von Drehle 2003 Book Review 1. Did the author make a complete and honest analysis of the topic? This book is about the fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in New York City in March, 1911. The factory claimed the lives of 146 women and men, mostly young women, during the 30 minutes that the fire blazed. It is still the largest industrial disaster that has ever happened in New York City. The author of the book writes

From the Function of Music to Music Preference free essay sample

To date, not much is known about how the functions of music relate to music preference. This article examines the basic hypothesis that the strength of preference for a given kind of music depends on the degree to which that kind of music serves the needs of the listener; that is, how well the respective functions of music are fulfilled. Study 1, a pilot study, identified the best- known musical styles of the participants, yielding 25 styles that were known by at least 10 percent of them. Study 2 used these 25 styles and found that rock, pop and classical music were liked most.A factor analysis yielded six extinct dimensions of music preference. People showed great variation in the strength of preference for their favorite music. This is explained by the impact of different functions of music. The potential of music to express peoples identity and values and to bring them together was most closely related to the strength of preference. However, the reasons for liking a particular style are not congruent with the functions that people ascribe to their favorite music in general. A theoretical model of the development of music preferences is suggested. Unrest, musical taste, styles, uses and gratification approach KEYWORDS: Knowing more about music preference is essential for the music culture, for the society, [and] for the personal development of the individual (Finns, 1989, p. 43). The investigation of music preference consists of two central questions. First, why does one person like a certain type of music (e. G. , classical music) while another prefers a totally different type of music? And, second, why do people differ in their degree or strength of music preference, which can vary considerably?Good answers to both questions are necessary for building a sound theoretical model of the origin and development of USIA preferences. However, to date, the second question has received little attention. Let us first look at how preferences for a given type of music can be shaped. In his review of the literature on the topic, Finns (1989) concluded that there are several causal factors that can have an impact on music preference: specific characteristics of the music (tempo, rhythm, pitch, etc. ), familiarity and repeated listening, the listeners affective experiences while listening to music and social influences. Other researchers have provided further evidence for the impact of social influences (Adler, 1985; Slaking, Odds, Watts, 2006) and affective experiences (e. G. , Blood Equator, sampler 280 psychology of MusiC 37(3) 2001; Gibberellins, 2001; Guilin Alaska, 2004; Guilin Caseload, 2001) on music preference. And still others have found additional factors that can influence music preference: the personality of the listener (Reenters Gosling, 2003, 2006), the listeners physiological parameters (Mascara Ballard, 1999) and innate auditory preferences (McDermott Hauser, 2005; Tether, Challengers, Hill, 1997; Motto, 1997).And not least, the age of a listener seems to have a strong impact on music preference (Holbrook Schneider, 1989; Mender 1991). This list factors gives an idea how music preferences can be influenced, but the question remains why people actually listen to music and why they develop a special musical taste. If one looks at the research that has addressed the latter qu estion, the most general answers refer to the functions of music, which means that people use music to reach certain goals and serve their needs (e. G. Earnest, 1995; Back, 1993; Hexane, 1995; Larson, 1995; North Harvested, 1999; Caseload, ONeill, Vivaldi, 2001; George, Grant, George Gephardt, 2006). We will first discuss Hess research findings on the functions of music and then argue that the relationship between the functions of music and music preference especially the degree of preference still needs further investigation. Then we present the results of two studies. The first serves as a pilot study that provides the means to examine the relationship between functions of music and the strength of preference for different kinds of music in the second study.Finally, we discuss how the results obtained in the present studies might help to build a theoretical framework on the relationship of musical functions and music preference. Functions and benefits of music There is much evidence that the reasons why we prefer one type of music over another, or even like music at all, can be ascribed to the functions of music (Earnest, 1995; gene, 1 986, 1997; Guilin chukka, 2004 Larson, 1995; Lewis, 1992; Sartorially Erik, 2007; Schwartz gouts, 2003; Caseload et al. , 2001). Our daily lives are thought to be driven by certain needs that lead us to a state of subjective well-being or hedonism (see, e. . , Rises, 2004), and music is just one thing that brings us a bit closer to this end every day. We use music to serve several functions that are important to us. Most of the functions are related to developmental issues, especially for adolescents. Young people use music to explore, express and tighten their identities (Earnest, 1995; Larson, 1995; North Harvested, 1 999) and to communicate their personal values, ambitions, beliefs, and perceptions of the world and themselves (North Harvested, 1999; Steele Brown, 1 995; White, 1985). Through music people can try on different personalities or identities, including desirable ones as well as ones they fear (Larson, 1995; Markus Nurses, 1986). In this context, music is also used to establish a symbolic border against other groups (or against parents in early adolescence) to define a (youth) culture of its own (Back, 1 993; Rill, 2006). Music can enhance interactions with peers or with a partner, by providing either a medium for communication and common activities (e. G. , Denies, 1 992; Lull, 1992) or information about the other through his or her favorite music (Reenters Gosling, 2006).Reenters and Gosling (2003, 2006) found that listening to music is the top leisure-time activity for most people and they suggested that music is highly Downloaded from pomp. Seepage. Com at Universities Ethnology Mar (CCITT) on March 23, 201 1 Schafer and Sideliner: From the functions of music to music preference 281 diagnostic for exploring the personality of others. Further, music is used to tune out and to cope with daily hassles and problems (Earnest, 1 995; Larson, 1995; Schwartz Pouts, 2003; Taxman Hortatory, 2002).In a broader sense, we use music to manage and regulate our moods and emotions, to chill and relax, and to reminisce (George et al. , 2006; Guilin Alaska, 2001; Sartorially Erik, 2007; Ashrams Worth, 2006; Waterman, 1 996; Gilligan, 1988). People also use music to manage their arousal level or to satisfy their negation seeking (Earnest, 1992; Gnawing Mirror, 1999; Mascara Ballard, 1999), and music leads to physical activity through dancing. Functions of music and music preference Most of the studies that have investigated functions of music have used preferred or favorite music without considering the degree of preference.However, this pr ocedure makes it difficult to study the impact of functions of music on music preference: Why there is a continuum between just liking music and adoring music and whether and how this degree of preference is related to the functions of music has, to the best of our knowledge, not yet been addressed. In most of the research reported above, the assumption was made that the functions of music are directly related to preference, meaning that the more intensely music can be used to serve certain functions, the more intense the preference.However, this is not compelling, because music can be used in several ways, but not all of them appropriate for every listener. That is, someone might be aware of various functions his or her favorite music can serve, but this need not be the main reason for liking this music best. Thus, we have to look for the missing link between the functions of music and the degree Of music preference. A theoretical basis for investigating this relationship is provided by Been (1997, p. 49), who suggested that this relationship is linear that the intensity of music preferences seems to be a mirror of the intensity of Immensurable, defined as the sum of psychic processes which accompany the experience of music in situations when music is in the focus of interest (Been, 1997, p. 143). Following Been (1 997), we hypothesized that the strength of music preference should cavalry with the intensity of music use: the better the needs of a listener are served by a given music, the higher the degree of preference for that music should be.Rationale of present studies Our first step was to search for commonly known musical styles. Respondents were asked to list all musical styles known to them. This was done to obtain an overview of known styles to use instead of a ready-made list of styles collected by experts or a researcher, as has often been done. The best-known styles were then identified (Study 1). The next step (Study 2) was to determine if these styles could be grouped into a few dimensions of music preference to possibly confirm the results of previous research and to have a starting point for investigating the functions of music.Dimensions (factors) of musical styles (e. G. , rock, pop, rap, electro) refer to specific styles of music that are similarly rated or liked (e. G. , Bog, Racketeer, Volleyball, Well, Sickens, 2003; Burger, Gladiola, Lester, 2002; Christenson Peterson, Downloaded from pomp. Seepage. Com at Universities Ethnology Mar (Tim) on March 23, 282 Psychology of Music 37(3) 1988; Taxman Hortatory, 2002). In research, they are primarily used to reduce the number of different styles, especially to learn something about the perception of music and its impact on human behavior, emotion and cognition. For example, the genre rap might contain musical styles such as hip hop, black music, R n B, and rap. In a series of excellent studies, Reenters and Gosling (2003) showed that preferences can be grouped into only four dimensions that reflect the central characteristics of the music described: (1 ) reflective and complex (e. G. , classical); (2) intense and rebellious (e. G. , rock); (3) upbeat and conventional (e. G. , pop); and (4) energetic and rhythmic (e. G. , rap).Then we searched for the functions people ascribe to their favorite music and the relationship between these functions and their degree of preference, o learn something about what it is that makes them passionate listeners. The functions with the greatest influence on preference were identified via stepwise regression analysis. The functions used in Study 2 were derived from previous research on functions of music and were intended to cover all categories of functions music can have (except therapeutic).Preference for favorite music was investigated using questions concerning judgment as well as behavioral dimensions of preference in order to observe it in a more valid way, rather than a single scale of liking from not at all to very much. Study 1: how well known are different musical styles? Study 1 was conducted as a pilot study that investigated how well known different musical styles are, to provide the musical styles to be used in Study 2. METHOD In a questionnaire survey, 170 participants (100 female, 70 male) were asked to list, on paper, all the musical styles they knew.Participants were 15 to 78 years old (M 26. 4; SD 12. 2). Most (67. 1 were students at Chemist University of Technology in Germany (mainly in the social sciences, I. E. , psychology, sociology, pedagogy); 24. 7 percent were employed in various professions, and 8. Percent were sleepyhead or unemployed. Although we intended to have a balanced ratio of males and females, we received more answers from females, which is probably because social science students in Germany are predominantly female. Participants received no compensation for their participation.In addition to listing the musical styles they knew, participants estimated the mean time they spent listening to music every day and rated their musicality (scale from 1, very unmusical, to 10, very musical) as well as the importance of music in their life (scale from 1, not at all important, to 10, very important). R USE L T SAND IS CUE S S I ON There were 74 different musical styles, each known to at least one participant. To narrow the field for further investigation, styles were selected that were known by at least 10 percent of all respondents, which resulted in 25 styles (see Table 1).Respondents mean rating for self-estimated musicality was 6. 1 (SD 2. 4), and the mean rating for importance of music in their life was 8. 2 (SD 1. 8). Thus, participants rated their own musicality as moderate, yet music seems to play a very important role in their life. This is emphasized by the reported time they spent listening to Downloaded from pomp. Seepage. Com at Universities Ethnology Mar (Tim) on March 23, 2011 Schafer and Sideliner: From the functions of music to music preference 283 music per day, which was about three hours (M 2. 9; SD 1 . ). The duration of music listening was slightly negatively correlated with age (r . 15; with a sample size Of n 170, and a one-tailed Of 5 percent, correlations are significant if r . 13) but more and positively with musicality (r . 24) and importance of music (r . 29). As suggested by previous findings (Mended, 1 991), importance of music decreased with age (r . 24). This is further supported by a negative relation between age and the number of styles mentioned (r . 30). Musicality was moderately correlated with importance of music (r . 39).To reveal possible effects of gender, we used t-tests to compare the mean values for musicality, importance of music and amount of time of music listening per day of males and females. Despite the relatively high power because of the large samples, none of the tests were significant. The same holds for comparisons of the Fisher z-transformed correlations (e. G. , Rosenthal Orison, 1991, p. 495) calculated separately for males and females. Thus, gender effects were negligible in our study. The list of best-known musical styles was used as a starting point for Study 2. It provides a valid representation of styles familiar to the respondents.In Study 2, a larger sample was investigated; this is why Study 1 covered no further questions. TABLE 1 How well known are different musical styles? Musical style Pop Classical Rock Jazz Folk Hip hop Techno Metal Blues Punk Beat-music Reggae R n B Soul House Rock n roll Country Rap Swing Gospel Ask Alternative Dance Gothic Trance Note: N 170. Frequency of mention 134 128 125 114 102 100 100 74 67 67 64 58 56 54 46 4039 38 30 29 29 24 24 22 19 recent of participants 78. 8 75. 3 73. 5 67. 1 60. 0 58. 8 58. 8 43. 5 39. 4 394 37. 6 34. 1 32. 9 27. 1 23. 5 22. 9 22. 4 17. 6 17. 1 17. 1 14. 1 14. 1 12. 9 11. 284 Study 2: the functions of music and music preference The purposes of Study 2 were to investigate (1 ) the distribution of preference for the musical styles from Study 1 to analyses the specific degree to which people like their favorite music; (2) the structure of these preferences, to find main dimensions by factor analysis, first to check whether dimensions (factors) from recent research can be confirmed, and second to use these mentions as musical genres to analyses further results in detail for each genre; (3) which functions peoples favorite music can have; and (4) how these functions are related to the specific degree of peoples music preferences. METHOD Participants In this study, 507 participants from several German cities responded to an online survey via the internet. They were 11 to 50 years old (M 24. 8; SD 5. 1); 71 percent were female, 29 percent male. Most (79. 5%) were students of various disciplines (mainly in the social sciences, I. E. Psychology, sociology, pedagogy), 15. 6 percent were employed in various professions, and . 9 percent were self-employed or unemployed. Thus, the respondents in this sample were somewhat younger than those in Study 1 and there were more students. Again, participants received no compensation for taking part in the study. As in Study 1 respondents had to provide information about their musicality and the importance of music. The results were consistent with Study 1 for self-estimated musicality (M 5. 7; SD 2. 4), the importance of music in their life (M 7. 7; SD 1. 5), and the mean duration of listening to music per day (M 3. 1 hours; SD 2. 5).Again, the duration of music listening was slightly actively correlated with age (r . 14) but more ? and positively ? with the importance of music (r . 33). However, it was not correlated with musicality (r . 07). Importance of music did not decrease with age (r . 08), which is a clear difference from Study 1 and probably because of the younger sample in Study 2. Musicality was moderately correlated with importance of music (r . 41). As in Study 1 to reveal possible gender effects we ran t-tests for musicality, importance of music and amount of time of music listening per day, and we compared all correlation coefficients between males and females. None of these differences were significant.Thus, again, gender effects were negligible. Material and procedure The questionnaire was provided via the internet and completed online. All materials were originally in German. The link to the website was distributed via email to mailing lists Of German universities, and all respondents were encouraged to forward this link to their friends and relatives. First, participants were asked to give preference ratings for each of the 25 musical styles from Study 1. This was done on ID-point Liker scales with the poles (0-9) labeled l dont like it at all and l like it very much. Then the respondents were asked to name their favorite music (not restricted to the 25 given styles).To provide information about music preference, including attitudes as well as behavioral dimensions, they were asked to rate how much they agreed with the following statements: (1) l like this music, (2) I couldnt live without this music, (3) l regularly visit clubs or concerts to listen to this muse, (4) l just need this music, (5) Im a passionate Downloaded from pomp. Seepage. Com at Universities Ethnology Mar (Tim) on 285 listener of this music, (6) l usually spend a lot of money to purchase this music. This was done on 1 a-point Liker scales with the poles labeled do not agree at all and completely agree. Following this, respondents were asked to think of their favorite music and rate how much they agreed with several statements about it (the functions of music as found in the literature, see Table 2).Again, 1 a-point Liker scales were used with the poles labeled not agree at all and completely agree. Participants then had the opportunity to name additional functions of their favorite music that were not on the list. Rest Its and discussion The structure of music preferences The 25 best-known musical styles were dated for preference. Despite the limitations (the somewhat younger sample and the missing correlation between the importance of music and age in Study 2), the overall correspondence between the two samples seemed to be high enough to use the 25 best-known musical styles from Study 1 in Study 2. Figure 1 shows the rank-ordered mean preference ratings.The most favored styles were rock and alternative, followed by classical, pop, rock n roll, jazz, punk, reggae, blues and ask. Styles that were judged rather negatively were beat music, folk and the various kinds of electronic music. This reflects and extends previous findings about the popularity of musical styles, namely, that rock, classical and pop music are very popular styles (e. G. , Been, 1986; Mended, 1991) but that folk music does not play as important a role for Germans as it does, for example, for Turkish people (Taxman Hortatory, 2002). Previous research has repeatedly revealed a structure of music preferences, meaning that certain musical styles are perceived or rated similarly.

Internet World Guide To One-To-One Web Marketing

Question: Describe about a Report on Internet World Guide To One-To-One Web Marketing? Answer: Elements of internet marketing Digital or internet marketing is referred to promotion or selling of a product and/or services to business and personal consumers by means of one or more means of electronic media. The introduction of internet has changed the face of marketing and has accelerated the scope of innovative promotion. Internet marketing shaped with the introduction of web 2.0 which is comparatively interactive, user centric, commercial and cooperative. Its introduction not only opened new avenues for marketing but also gave rise to social networking and online communication. Besides promotional and selling tools, internet marketing includes e-commerce and macro and micro environment of internet as its elements. E-commerce can be referred to the process of conducting business activities virtually using internet. E-commerce can include purchasing and selling of tangible and intangible commodities, fund transfer over electronic media and other business transactions. It is noteworthy that e-commerce can take place in the form of business to business, customer to customer, customer to business and business to customer. The primary benefits of e-commerce are non-stop accessibility and availability of service, speediness, wide choice regarding products and services and mass scale geographical access. The micro environment of internet essentially suggests that it has increase the competitiveness of the market and efficiency of suppliers. The number of rivals in the ecommerce industry is growing while that of middlemen is declining rapidly. Consumers are being provided several choices and their importance to suppliers have also multiplied significantly. From the perspective of macro environment it was observed that internet is essential for success of business as the proportion of internet users and online transactions is rising rapidly. By and large, it can be suggested that internet marketing is of significant importance because of its wide reach and scope, interactive platform, target oriented approach and immediacy. Adaptive and closed loop marketing are also considered as important aspects of internet marketing. Adaptive loop marketing focuses on the way marketers are changing with respect to internetworking and their efforts in terms of strategies in this process. On the other hand, closed loop marketing emphasises on a closed process that helps in improving effectiveness of marketing and sales. Internet marketing mix Internet marketing mix has been derived from the original concept of marketing mix, which is referred to a set of tactics and strategies that influence marketing decisions of an organisation. Marketing mix comprises 7 Ps, namely, Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process and Physical evidence. Presently, these factors are being conveniently implemented in internet marketing by marketers such as eBay. Product: Services such as PayPal and Bill Me Later and various online applications and websites have enabled the company to sell various products and services to consumers through web interface. Place: Consumers have a variety of choices regarding purchasing, selling and obtaining other services at eBay. The company has a page where consumers basic queries are answered promptly. Additionally, the company has different pages for different countries in order to establish strong international presence. Price: Different internet based services at eBay are charged differently. The charges also differ for occasional and frequent sellers. EBay has adopted a pay per click pricing model where payment is done in proportionate to number of clicks done. Promotion: online promotion at eBay is done by means of various web pages where various discount coupons, promotional codes and bargains can be availed by consumers. Additional promotional measures include cash back on purchasing by means of PayPal and reward certificates. Moreover, eBay radio enables traders to have latest information regarding eBay rewards, offers and events. Process: Sellers need to list their products on eBay for an insertion fee and pay a final value fee on completion of the selling process. Consequently, the cost of sale for a seller on eBay comprises the insertion and final value fees. Additionally, the value also depends on the kind of listing such as fixed price and auction style. eBay also facilitates daily deals where interested parties can receive regular alerts. People: eBay has placed various eminent individuals as executives at various divisions so that business remains well managed. The company has also initiated a new buyer protection program where purchase and shipping cost of a buyer are covered. eBay has an effective feedback system through which buyers can communicate their experience and expectation. Physical evidence: eBay is headquartered at California and has international and national sites for establishing its market presence. The site has different tabs for products and services along with other information. Comparing internet marketing tools A number of marketing tools have been observed to be flexible enough for internet marketing. These tools have been contrasted and their role in business development has been discussed as follows: Email marketing: Marketing through email is referred as one of the direct methods of internet marketing where newsletters and offers are emailed to existing and potential customers to attract their attention. Email marketing is effective in acquiring new consumers, making repeat purchase and encouraging consumer loyalty. Search Engine Marketing: SEM is an important internet marketing where positioning of a website is done in such a manner that its consumer visibility increases on a search engine. The marketing process includes search engine optimization, keyword searching and various other search engine services. SEM is done essentially to improve traffic flow towards a particular organisations website and consequently, it is a competitive process. Word of mouth: Word of mouth or internet based referral marketing is another important e-tool where existing consumers generally refer products and services to potential consumers. Online referral is primarily done by means of micro blogging forums and social media. Referral marketing is adopted by marketers because it is considered significantly reliable among various potential consumers. Mobile advertising: the mobile market is growing rapidly and acting as a substitute of various digital devices. This trend has not been neglected by marketers and consequently, mobile advertising was introduced. Mobile advertisements are generally embedded with music video and games so that immediate attention can be attracted. Affiliate marketing: This marketing tool is one of the important e-tools and it helps in internet marketing as it coordinates with other e-marketing tools. In this marketing technique, affiliates are rewarded for every customer they bring in and every business that is generated in the process. Interactive order processing This process is referred as the cornerstone of e-commerce as it helps in delivering consumers authentic products, specific order and quick and easy services. In e-commerce, selection of right product and supplier are very important so that online presence of a firm is promoted. Most sellers try to create appropriate persona for their products by means of internet marketing so that consumer confidence is developed and gained. The idea behind interactive order processing is to ensure that consumer demands are met accurately and products and services add value to their necessities. The interactive processing not only serves consumers requirements but also that of the sellers. In online selling, the main requirement is to establish presence in the digital world as well as in the mind of consumers. The interactive processing aims at increasing product visibility and increasing brand awareness. Once consumer selects a particular product, the most important step therein is to check its availability in the stock. As stock availability is confirmed, the order is placed. For instance, at eBay products at displayed for a week and consumers can bid for the time being. During the purchasing process, consumers can make their payment by means PayPal, cheque and money order. Furthermore, consumers can access the delivery information in the website. Mechanics of search engine marketing Search engine marketing is referred to the promotion of an organisations website on various search engines for achieving maximum visibility on the search result page by means of significant advertising and search optimisation. In this context, search engine optimisation is an important aspect of SEM. SEO essentially affects the process of visibility of a web page on a search engine as an unpaid result. SEO is an important internet marketing strategy where optimisers determine the functionality of search engines and helps in promoting sites and their back links. Search optimisation functions in two ways: on-page and off-page. In on-page optimisation, certain factors such as meta (title and description) tags, keyword density and its placement and HTML code have direct impact on natural search outcomes and these factors are essentially controlled by the coder. Contrastingly, off-page optimisation is about uncontrollable factors that are beyond the limits of webpage such as link popularity, social bookmarking, page rank and social media. The other important aspects of SEM are pay per click, search analytics (determination of appearance of a website on search engine statistically) and web analytics (associated with determination of impact of a website on its user). Flight 001 delivers online retail experience by selling various travel products to consumers. The web and search analytics of the company suggests that the global corporation has very limited online exposure; consequently, consumers have limited knowledge of the site. Additionally, the site has limited number of back links and related sites suggesting poor on-page as well as off-page optimisation. Furthermore, the loading time for the site is fairly high and the site exhibits poor navigation links. It is recommended that the company should improve its title and description tags. Moreover, the navigation links require modification so that they appear on the left side of the panel (under header) instead of appearing on the body of the website. Opt-in email marketing newsletter In opt-in email marketing, newsletters, advertisements and other offers are sent to existing and potential consumers with or without their consent. Such mails are often referred as spam. Some organisations have adopted legal measures in this regard and send marketing newsletters only when subscribers have confirmed their identification. Newsletter with header Flight001 Newsletter newsletter@flight001.com from: Flight001 Newsletter to: xyz@abc.com date: day, date at time subject: Sign up for great discounts mailed-by: email.flight001.com signed-by: flight001.com Travelling made easy with Flight001. Sign up with us for discount coupons. Dear subscribers, We understand your love for travelling and to meet your requirements, our products are available at amazing discounts. Kindly sign in and update your information to avail the offers. Simply update your personalised Flight001 profile with your birthday and mailing address and allow us to fill in your mailbox with various goodies on your special days. Update your profile See you soon, The Flight001 Team Not interested? Unsubscribe instantly Best practices in online public relations Online public relation activities are essentially targeted towards various audiences, media and communities that primarily exist on internet by means of online channels. These channels include search engines, news search, discussion threads, blogs, forums and social networks. The online PR tools are presently as strong as the offline ones and consequently, marketers need to be very careful while implementing the same. Guidelines regarding best online practices at flight001.com are discussed as follows: Social Networking: the company need to have strong presence in the social media. Presence in websites such as Linked In, Twitter and Facebook will increase its exposure to greater number of potential users.Photo and video sharing: YouTube and Flicker can be considered effective for this purpose. The company can share various travel and shopping experiences by means of photos and videos while endorsing its products.Brand properties: Presently reputed organisations are adopting various brand properties such as mobile app, RSS feeds, company blog and forum for developing public relation. Such adoption can prove effective for Flight001. Use of new digital media communities Digital media communities have gained significant importance over the years as these are neither sales tactics nor campaigns. These communities are as real as an individual. The communities are essentially dependent on individuals and their viewpoints. Such communities have often been praised for being source of long term business growth strategy. However, the communities essentially need exclusive and reliable contents for growth. In this regard, it is noteworthy that online communities present a way to share individuals opinions and views regarding products. Studies suggest that online communities play an important role in increasing sales and retaining customers. Flight001 has its own website blog where various travel related information have been published by the company. However, the website does not have sufficient presence on social media such as Face Book. Additionally, the website does not have instant messaging and chat room services so that consumers can interact with customer care executives. Secondary market research The secondary research has been conducted to determine consumers online purchasing behavior of cosmetics. Current trends: According to studies, consumers tend to not only surf internet in home but also in office and school. Additionally, the surfing does not always involve work related activities. Internet has become a multipurpose utility domain and has influence the general lifestyle of consumers significantly. It has been gathered from different studies that more than 50 percent of individuals have bought one or more products online indicating that e-commerce has become one of the prominent features of the internet. Buying habits: the e-commerce facilities are not limited to general grocery products. It was determined from studies that in the United States about 60 percent of women purchase personal care and cosmetic products online. This trend is especially common in the US and Canada. It was also determined that online presence has helped cosmetic brands to reach consumers with greater ease. However, consumers are equally price sensitive like offline purchase. Preferences: it was determined that consumers are largely uninterested in coupon based selling. Instead, they exhibit great demand for personalized shopping experience. They are more inclined towards stores that are promoting products keeping in view consumer needs. The secondary market research also revealed that consumers purchase cosmetics driven by emotional needs instead of actual needs. Competition: growth in consumption has affected competition as well. Presently, the market is dominated by more than a few companies compared to the handful that initially captured the market. The industry is worth $20 billion and its major players include local as well as foreign players. The major players in this industry are Sephora, Burberry, L Brands, Sally Beauty Holdings and Estee Lauder. Most of these competitors are e-marketing their products using discount coupons, special discount, online beauty consultation support, social media and mobile app. Online questionnaire survey The paper has undertaken an online questionnaire survey using Survey Monkey in order to assess the consumer preference and support the facts that has been gathered by means of secondary research. Where do you shop from?Home Office Both What do you mainly purchase?Books Apparels Electronics every kind of goods and services Do you prefer bargaining on online websites?What is your frequency of online purchase?Daily Weekly Monthly Rarely Do you prefer receiving online promotional offers such as newsletters in email?Yes No The online survey revealed that consumers purchased mostly from home as well as office unless they have workplace restriction on visiting retail websites. Consumers also agreed that their purchasing behaviour is not limited to one kind of product only; instead, they avail all kinds of products and services online. Almost every consumer agreed that they enjoy bargaining online and they made their purchases mostly on weekly and monthly basis. Lastly, most consumers agreed that they prefer receive promotional offers by means of subscribed newsletters. Electronic customer relationship marketing Establishing customer relationship is essential for business growth and development. Every organisation is presently making effort to improve their customer relationship because customers can be considered as life blood of an organisation. For online retailers, eCRM has played an important role as it helps organisations to manage competition and retain valued customers. Various eCRM techniques are discussed as follows: Consumer facing applications: These interfaces or applications help consumers to have direct interaction with the company by means of one or multiple channels. Many organisations are adopting automated responding system where promotional e-mails are sent and basic queries are answered by the system and complaints are registered until human agents log in the system and resolve it. Besides consumers, such system are being developed and adopted for employees and vendors where they are automatically updated regarding consumer information, sales progress, sales call and inventory requirement and so on. Touching applications: In these applications, consumers essentially interact with pre-programmed system for resolving queries. In this regard, corporations are adopting the strategy of personalising web pages using personal accounts. Through this, consumers can see their previous transactions, products suitable for them (based on frequent purchases) and maintain their payment account safely. In addition, large number of companies are developing the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) page where commonly asked questions have been answered for consumers. Online networking applications: At present, every organisation has back links to Facebook and Twitter. Consumers can log into the personalised web account using their existing Facebook and Twitter account. This helps firms to not only interact with the consumers in a public forum but also to show the number of friends and family members of the consumer engaged with the firm for building confidence and trust. Outline internet marketing plan Background activities (Pre-Planning assessment): Competition analysis, Demand analysis, External (PEST) analysis, consumer and supplier analysis, industry analysis, Forward and backward integration with various departments and cost analysis. The online marketing plan has been developed incorporating four Ps of marketing mix: Product strategy Product information: size, colour and brandQuality informationUsage tipsComplementary product offeringsOnline product comparisonCustomized products (as and when possible)Return and refund policyCompetitive pricingFree shipping above specific amountDifferent price for specific occasions (festivals and special days e.g. Labour day)Simple yet informational wireframecreation title and description tags (meta tags)Search engine optimisationBasic information of account holderPayment detailsPurchase details (present and history)Product suggestionsDevelopment of back links to popular social media sites such as Facebook, YouTube, Linked In and Twitter.Company blogRSS feedsDiscount couponsCorporate partnership for promoting back linksPay Per Click marketing such as Google AdWordsOnline chatting applicationMobile applicationOrder, query and feedback link and pageFAQ pageOffline customer support Pay per Click Campaign PPC marketing campaign is one of the vital online marketing strategies which involve using various search engines to promote a website in exchange of payment. In this marketing technique, companies pay search engines to generate clicks to its website instead of earning them in organic (unpaid; naturally) manner. PPC campaign can be observed commonly on various search engines such as Google and Yahoo where the sponsored ads are placed at the top and every time consumers click them the search engine firm gets paid. The cost is considered trivial if the technique is effective in attracting consumers. However, it is noteworthy that an online business will be benefited from this marketing technique only if consumers like the website and make purchases. Therefore, success of PPC campaign heavily depends on the corporation in terms of its services and user friendliness of its website interface. The main advantage of PPC advertising is that it gives complete control to the advertiser on campaign budget. The marketer can determine hereof the amount they are interested in investing weekly or daily basis. PPC campaign brings direct attention of the consumers to the website and the marketer has control to stop the promotion in case it is underperforming. On the negative side, the cost of the click depends on the competitors who bid for the keywords. A well-bidding keyword can be expensive and may require company to pay significant amount to earn top ad placement. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that all visitors will be potential purchasers. Reference List Allen, C., et al., Internet World Guide To One-To-One Web Marketing, New Jersey, John Wiley Sons, Inc., 1998. Bellman, S. Et al., Predictors of Online Buying Behaviour, https://www0.gsb.columbia.edu/mygsb/faculty/research/pubfiles/1168/predictors_of_online_buying_behavior.pdf, 1998, (accessed May 15, 2015). Coupey, E., Marketing and the Internet, New Jersey, Prentice Hall, 2001. Cravens, D. and N. F. Piercy, Strategic marketing, New York, McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2008. eBay, about us, https://www.ebay.com/, 2015, (accessed May 15, 2015). 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Saylor Foundation, internet marketing, https://www.saylor.org/site/textbooks/eMarketing%20-%20The%20Essential%20Guide%20to%20Online%20Marketing.pdf, 2015, (accessed May 16, 2015). Wang, H. Et al., "Consumer privacy concerns about Internet marketing", Communications of the ACM vol. 41, no. 3, 1998, pp. 63-70.